Barbara Pieper, PhD, RN, BC-ACNS, FAAN, WOCNF is a Professor Emerita, Wayne State University, College of Nursing, Detroit, MI. During her employment, she taught undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral courses. She held a joint university-clinical position with the Detroit Medical Center for 27 years. During that time, she primarily provided chronic wound care to persons who injected street drugs. She is widely published and had research funding.